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BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION class notes and last year question papers


EI2322           BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
AIM:
The course is designed to make the student acquire an adequate knowledge of the physiological
systems of the human body and relate them to the parameters that have clinical importance. The
fundamental principles of equipment that are actually in use at the present day are introduced.

OBJECTIVES:
i. To provide an acquaintance of the physiology of the heart, lung, blood circulation and
circulation respiration. Biomedical applications of different transducers used.
ii. To introduce the student to the various sensing and measurement devices of electrical
origin. To provide awareness of electrical safety of medical equipments
iii. To provide the latest ideas on devices of non-electrical devices.
iv. To bring out the important and modern methods of imaging techniques.
v. To provide latest knowledge of medical assistance / techniques and therapeutic
equipments.
UNIT I PHYSIOLOGY AND TRANSDUCERS
Cell and its structure - Resting and Action Potential - Nervous system: Functional organisation of
the nervous system - Structure of nervous system, neurons - synapse -transmitters and neural
communication - Cardiovascular system - respiratory system - Basic components of a biomedical
system - Transducers - selection criteria - Piezo electric, ultrasonic transducers - Temperature measurements - Fibre optic temperature sensors.

UNIT II ELECTRO - PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS
Electrodes -Limb electrodes -floating electrodes - pregelled disposable electrodes - Micro, needle and surface electrodes - Amplifiers: Preamplifiers, differential amplifiers, chopper amplifiers - Isolation amplifier.
ECG - EEG - EMG - ERG - Lead systems and recording methods - Typical waveforms.
Electrical safety in medical environment: shock hazards - leakage current-Instruments for checking
safety parameters of biomedical equipments

III NON-ELECTRICAL PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS
Measurement of blood pressure - Cardiac output - Heart rate - Heart sound -Pulmonary function measurements - spirometer - Photo Plethysmography, Body Plethysmography - Blood Gas
analysers : pH of blood -measurement of blood pCO2, pO2, finger-tip oxymeter - ESR, GSR
measurements .
UNIT IV MEDICAL IMAGING
Radio graphic and fluoroscopic techniques - Computer tomography - MRI - Ultrasonography -
Endoscopy - Thermography - Different types of biotelemetry systems and patient monitoring -
Introduction to Biometric systems
UNIT V ASSISTING AND THERAPEUTIC EQUIPMENTS
Pacemakers - Defibrillators - Ventilators - Nerve and muscle stimulators - Diathermy - Heart -
Lung machine - Audio meters - Dialysers - Lithotripsy


TEXT BOOKS
1. R.S.Khandpur, 'Hand Book of Bio-Medical instrumentation', Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co Ltd.,
2003.
2. Leslie Cromwell, Fred J.Weibell, Erich A.Pfeiffer, 'Bio-Medical Instrumentation and
Measurements', II edition, Pearson Education, 2002 / PHI.



 
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